Implementation and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Programs Focusing on Increasing Vegetables, Fruits and Dairy Foods Consumption for Preschool Children / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of the study was to implement and evaluate a nutrition education program for preschool children. Applying the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, the nutrition education program was developed and focused on changing beliefs, increasing nutrition knowledge and consumption of vegetables & fruits (V/F) and dairy foods. Subjects were children attending a childcare center in Seoulwho were grouped into education (n = 33) and control group (n = 32). Education group received four sessions of nutrition education during 2011 fall. Both groups completed the questionnaire at pretest and posttest, measuring nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and preferences of V/F and eating behaviors. Compared to control group, education group made significant gains in total score of nutrition knowledge after the education (p < 0.05). In addition, the pretest-posttest changes in total score of beliefs regarding V/F consumption and eating behaviors were higher in the education group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Two groups were significantly different in the pretest-posttest changes in specific beliefs regarding the benefits of V/F consumption and some eating behavior. However, there were no changes in the preferences of vegetables or fruits between the two groups after the education. The consumption of V/F and dairy foods was not significantly different after the education. This study revealed that nutrition education for preschoolers was effective in improving nutrition knowledge and perceived benefits regarding V/F consumption and specific eating behavior. This study suggested that more intensive education is needed to induce changes in eating behaviors. This program can be used in nutrition education of children at the childcare centers or kindergartens.

Long-term Clinical Outcomes of the Tension-free Vaginal Tape Procedure for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women over 65

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term clinical outcomes of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in elderly women and to identify the factors influencing failure in these cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women with SUI who underwent a TVT procedure were studied. "Cure" was defined as no urine leakage at all in any circumstances and "improvement" was defined as some urine leakage but a score of over 4 points out of 5 in a satisfaction inquiry. Patients were divided into two groups (middle-aged, or =65 years) for comparison of clinical outcomes. In the elderly group, patients were subdivided into two groups (cure and no cure groups) and were compared to identify the factors influencing failure. RESULTS: A total of 136 women (middle-aged group, 106; elderly group, 30) were enrolled in the study. The mean ages of the patients in the 2 groups were 53.5+/-5.9 and 72.0+/-5.0 years and the mean follow-up times were 50.5+/-9.4 and 48.8+/-9.1 months, respectively. The cure and improvement rates in the middle-aged and elderly groups were 80.2% vs. 66.7% and 4.7% vs. 3.3%, respectively (p>0.05). The satisfaction scores in the middle-aged and elderly groups were 3.8+/-1.1 vs. 3.3+/-1.5 points (p>0.05). In the elderly group, the body mass index of the cure and no cure groups were 24.6+/-3.3 kg/m2 and 26.6+/-1.0 kg/m2, and body mass index was the only factor that differed significantly between the two subgroups (p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Our long-term results suggest that TVT is an effective treatment even in elderly women. However, elderly women who are obese should be counseled carefully about the success rate.

Primary Cryptococcal Epidydimo-orchitis in a Healthy Man / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Cryptococcus is native to the environment and thrives in any type of environment inhabited by birds. Cryptococcal genito-urinary infection has been reported in immunnocompromised patients and can involve the adrenal gland, kidney, prostate, or penis. To our knowledge, there have been no reports of cases where cryptococcal epididymo-orchitis infects an uncompromised healthy host. Here, we report a case of primary cryptococcal epididymo-orchitis in a healthy male.

The Effect of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Using Biofeedback for Stress Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: Pelvic floor muscle exercise, biofeedback and electrical stimulation have been known as initial treatment options for women with stress urinary incontinence. We evaluated the clinical outcome of pelvic floor muscle exercise in combination with biofeedback and electrical stimulation as a treatment for stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty three patients with stress urinary incontinence who had been treated with biofeedback and electrical stimulation from June 1999 to March 2000 were analyzed. Patients were evaluated with their medical history, physical examination, SEAPI score, and urodynamic study including Valsalva leak point pressure(VLPP). All patients were assessed for the outcome of the procedure with subjective satisfaction by scores of SEAPI classification and the relative strength of pelvic floor muscle by maximal vaginal pressure and contraction time. RESULTS: Among 23 women followed up for 6 month to 1 year, urinary incontinence completely disappeared in 6 patients(26.1%), significantly improved in 13(56.5%) and not improved in 4(17.4%). There was a significant increase in maximal vaginal pressure, contraction time and decrease in the scores of SEAPI classification. CONLUSIONS: Pelvic floor muscle exercise in combination with biofeedback and electrical stimulation is a simple, safe, and effective treatment of stress urinary incontinence. The patient compliance is closely related to the success rate.

Pubovaginal Sling Operation Using Cadaveric Fascia Lata for the Female Stress Urinary Incontinence

PURPOSE: Pubovaginal sling operation has been main treatment procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. Allografts have been substituted for autografts as the material of pubovaginal sling operation to decrease postoperative morbidity, although to our knowledge their long-term durability is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the outcome and efficacy of pubovaginal sling operation using allograft cacaveric fascia lata. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2000 to December 2001, 47 patients with stress urinary incontinence underwent pubovaginal sling operation using cadaveric fascia lata and had been followed up more than 10 months. Preoperative evaluation included medical history, physical examination, SEAPI score and urodynamic study including Abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP). All patients were assessed for the outcome of the procedure with subjective satisfaction by scores of SEAPI classification. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 18.2 months(range 10 to 25), urinary incontinence completely disappeared in 42 patients(89.4%), significantly improved in 4 patients(8.5%), not improve in 1 patient(2.1%). Marked improvement was shown in all patients according to the SEAPI score. Postoperative de novo urge incontinence was not found. Complication included suprapublic pain in 4 patients and transient urinary retention in 7 patients, but these were disappeared later in all patients. Operations with allograft fascia lata slings were tolerated, and neither infection nor erosion was encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Pubovaginal sling operation with a allograft cadaveric fascia lata is an effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence with high cure rate and minimal complication.